Phát âm đuôi -ed
Chúng ta bắt gặp đuôi -ed ở động từ thì quá khứ như worked, wanted, lived và tính từ như bored, excited, interested. Có ba cách phát âm đuôi -ed như sau:
⏩ Đuôi -ed phát âm /t/
Từ tận cùng bằng phụ âm vô thanh /p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /θ/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/ (ngoại trừ /t/)
/p/
stop /stɒp/ stopped /stɒpt/
hoped, typed, stepped, dropped, developed
/k/
like /laɪk/ liked /laɪkt/
talked, blocked, clicked, picked, tracked
/f/
laugh /lɑːf/ laughed /lɑːft/
coughed, photographed, cuffed, sniffed, surfed
/s/
pass /pɑːs/ passed /pɑːst/
kissed, messed, tossed, danced, chased
/θ/
bath /bɑː θ/ bathed /bɑː θt/
frothed, toothed
/ʃ/
wash /wɒʃ/ washed /wɒʃt/
wished, pushed, rushed, mashed, crashed
/tʃ/
watch /wɒtʃ/ watched /wɒtʃt/
matched, punched, lunched, coached, approached
⏩ Đuôi -ed phát âm /d/
Từ tận cùng bằng nguyên âm hoặc phụ âm hữu thanh /b/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/, /ʤ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /r/ (ngoại trừ /d/)
tận cùng bằng nguyên âm
play /pleɪ/ played /pleɪd/
studied, agreed, sued, cried, bowed
/b/
grab /ɡræb/ grabbed /ɡræbd/
robbed, sobbed, bribed, described, disturbed
/g/
beg /beɡ/ begged /beɡd/
logged, bragged, dragged, blogged, shrugged
/v/
love /lʌv/ loved /lʌvd/
lived, moved, solved, shaved, believed
/ð/
bathe /beɪð/ bathed /beɪðd/
breathed, mouthed, clothed, betrothed, loathed
/z/
buzz /bʌz/ buzzed /bʌzd/
raised, caused, advised, apologized, refused
/ʒ/
massage /məˈsɑːʒ/ massaged /məˈsɑːʒd/
sabotaged
/ʤ/
change/tʃeɪndʒ/ changed/tʃeɪndʒd/
aged, judged, charged, encouraged, managed
/m/
climb /klaɪm/ climbed /klaɪmd/
seemed, named, filmed, formed, bloomed
/n/
rain /reɪn/ rained /reɪnd/
learned, phoned, listened, ruined, cleaned
/ŋ/
belong /bɪˈlɔːŋ/ belonged /bɪˈlɔːŋd/
prolonged, tongued, boomeranged, banged, pinged
/l/
pull /pʊl/ pulled /pʊld/
called, filled, rolled, yelled, sailed
/r/
prefer /prɪˈfɜːr/ preferred /prɪˈfɜːrd/
wondered, answered, appeared, volunteered, feared
⏩ Đuôi -ed phát âm /id/
Từ tận cùng bằng âm /t/ và /d/
/t/
start /stɑːt/ started /'stɑːtɪd/
wanted, waited, counted, visited, tested
/d/
need /niːd/ needed /ˈniːdɪd/
landed, funded, decided, loaded, pretended
